Whati's SCADA?
SCADA ¹Ñé¹ÂèÍÁÒ¨Ò¡¤ÓÇèÒ Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition à»ç¹ÃкºµÃǨÊͺáÅÐÇÔà¤ÃÒÐËì¢éÍÁÙÅẺ Real-time ãªé㹡ÒõÃǨÊͺʶҹеÅÍ´¨¹¶Ö§¤Çº¤ØÁ¡Ò÷ӧҹ¢Í§Ãкº¤Çº¤ØÁã¹ÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁáÅЧҹÇÔÈÇ¡ÃÃÁµèÒ§ æ àªè¹ §Ò¹´éÒ¹â·Ã¤Á¹Ò¤ÁÊ×èÍÊÒà ¡ÒûÃÐ»Ò ¡ÒúӺѴ¹éÓàÊÕ ¡ÒèѴ¡ÒôéÒ¹¾Åѧ§Ò¹ ÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒáÅÑè¹¹éÓÁѹáÅСçÒ« ÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁà¤ÁÕ ÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ»ÃСͺö¹µì ¡Òâ¹Êè§ ¡Ãкǹ¡ÒùÔÇà¤ÅÕÂÃìã¹âç俿éÒà»ç¹µé¹ µÑÇÍÂèÒ§¡ÒÃãªé§Ò¹àªè¹ãªé SCADAµÃǨÊͺ¢éÍÁÙÅàªè¹¡ÒÃÃÑèÇäËŢͧ¢Í§àËÅÇ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹·èÍ¢¹Ê觨ҡµÑǵÃǨ¨ÑºáÅéÇÊè§ÊÑÒ³á¨é§àµ×͹ãË龹ѡ§Ò¹·ÃÒº â´ÂÊ觢éÍÁÙÅÊÙèÊèǹ¡ÅÒ§¢Í§Ãкº SCADA à»ç¹µé¹ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Ñé¹ SCADA ÍÒ¨·Ó˹éÒ·Õè¤Ó¹Ç¹áÅлÃÐÁÇżŢéÍÁÙÅ·Õèä´é¨Ò¡ÎÒÃì´áÇÃìµèÒ§ æ àªè¹ PLC, Controller, DCS, RTU áÅéÇáÊ´§¢éÍÁÙŷҧ˹éÒ¨Í ËÃ×ÍÊè§ÊÑÒ³¤Çº¤ØÁÎÒÃì´áÇÃì´Ñ§¡ÅèÒÇ àªè¹ËÒ¡ÍسËÀÙÁԢͧÍØ»¡Ã³ìÊÙ§à¡Ô¹¾Ô¡Ñ´ ãËé·Ó¡ÒûԴÍØ»¡Ã³ì¹Ñé¹à»ç¹µé¹ â´ÂÊÑ觧ҹ¼èÒ¹ PLC ËÃ×Í Controller ·ÕèµÔ´µèÍÍÂÙè ·Ñ駹Õé SCADA ÊÒÁÒöà¡çºÃǺÃÇÁ¢éÍÁÙÅ·Õèä´é¨Ò¡Ãкº¤Çº¤ØÁ·Ñé§ËÁ´äÇéã¹°Ò¹¢éÍÁÙÅà¾×èÍãË龹ѡ§Ò¹ËÃ×Íâ»Ãá¡ÃÁÍ×è¹ æ ÊÒÁÒö¹Óä»ãªé§Ò¹ä´é SCADA ¹Ñé¹à¢éÒä»ÁÕÊèǹ㹧ҹ¤Çº¤ØÁ·Ñé§àÅç¡áÅÐãËè·Õèµéͧ¡ÒÃáÊ´§¼Å áÅ¡à»ÅÕè¹¢éÍÁÙÅ ËÃ×ͤǺ¤ØÁÃкºµèÒ§ æ ¨Ò¡Êèǹ¡ÅÒ§ à¾×èÍ¡Ò÷ӧҹ¢Í§ÃкºÃÇÁ·ÕèÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸ì¡Ñ¹ ÁͧàËç¹ÀÒ¾ÃÇÁä´éÍÂèÒ§ªÑ´à¨¹áÅÐÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃÇ´àÃçǵèÍà˵ءÒóìµèÒ§ æ ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ Ãкº SCADA 㹻Ѩ¨ØºÑ¹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒö㹡ÒÃÊ×èÍÊÒà ¤Çº¤ØÁ áÅлÃÐÁÇżŢéÍÁÙŨҡ I/O ¢Í§ÍØ»¡Ã³ìàªè¹ PLC, DCS, RTU ä´é¶Ö§ÃдѺ·Õèà¡Ô¹Ë¹Öè§áʹ I/O áÅéÇ áÅÐä´éÃѺ¡ÒþѲ¹ÒãËéÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒöÃͧÃѺ¤ÇÒÁµéͧ¡ÒÃãËÁè æ ¢Í§¼Ùéãªé§Ò¹ÍÂèÒ§µèÍà¹×èͧµÅÍ´ÁÒ SCADA »ÃСͺ´éÇÂÊèǹ»ÃСͺËÅÑ¡¤×Í Ë¹èǵԴµèÍáÅл¯ÔºÑµÔ¡Òâͧ¼ÙéãªéÃдѺº¹ ˹èǤǺ¤ØÁÃÐÂÐä¡Å áÅÐ˹èǵԴµèÍÃÐÂÐä¡Å
Ãٻͧ¤ì»ÃСͺ¢Í§Ãкº SCADA
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SCADA àËÁÒÐÊÁ¡Ñº§Ò¹»ÃÐàÀ·ã´
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â¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§´éÒ¹ÎÒÃì´áÇÃì (Hardware Architecture)
SCADA áºè§µÒÁâ¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§ÎÒÃì´áÇÃìä´éÊͧÃдѺ¤×Í Client áÅÐ Data Server ËÃ×ÍàÃÕ¡ÊÑé¹ æ ÇèÒ Server â´Â·Õè Client ¤×ͤÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÃì·ÕèÃѺáÅÐÊ觢éÍÁÙÅä»Âѧ Data Server â´Â½Ñè§ Client ¹Õé¨ÐáÊ´§¼Å¡Ò÷ӧҹ¢Í§Ãкº¤Çº¤ØÁàªè¹ áÊ´§à»ç¹¡ÃÒ¿Ô¡ ¡ÃҿẺµèÍà¹×èͧ ËÃ×ÍÃкºá¨é§àµ×͹àÁ×èÍà¡Ô´à˵ءÒóì©Ø¡à©Ô¹ËÃ×͵éͧ¡ÒÃá¨é§àµ×͹ à»ç¹µé¹ ½Ñè§ Client ÊÒÁÒöÊÑ觧ҹ¤Çº¤ØÁä»Âѧ Data Server à¾×èÍÊè§ÊÑÒ³ä»Âѧ PLC, DCS ËÃ×Í Controller ÍÕ¡·Í´Ë¹Öè§ Êèǹ Data Server ¨Ð·Ó˹éÒ·ÕèµÔ´µè͡Ѻ PLC, DCS, Controller ËÃ×Í RTU µèÒ§ æ à¾×èÍÃѺÊÑÒ³áÅÐÊè§ÊÑÒ³ä»Âѧ Client áÅÐÃѺ¡ÒÃÃéͧ¢Í¨Ò¡ Client à¾×èͤǺ¤ØÁÍØ»¡Ã³ì PLCáÅÐ Controller µèÒ§ æ Client áÅÐ Data Server ÊèǹãËèµÔ´µè͡ѹ¼èÒ¹Ãкºà¤Ã×Í¢èÒ Ethernet
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â¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§´éÒ¹«ÍÃì¿áÇÃì (Software Architecture)
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ÃÙ»â¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§´éÒ¹«ÍÃì¿áÇÃì¢Í§ SCADA
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¡ÒÃÊ×èÍÊÒÃÃÐËÇèÒ§ Client-Server ¨ÐÊ×èÍÊÒüèÒ¹â»ÃⵤÍÅâ´Â·ÑèÇä»àªè¹ TCP/IP â´Â Client ¨ÐµÔ´µè͡Ѻ¾ÒÃÒÁÔàµÍÃìËÃ×Í Tag ÀÒÂã¹ Server ·ÕèºÃÔ¡ÒâéÍÁÙÅ´éÇÂÃٻẺ·ÕèᵡµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ä»µÒÁ¼Ùé¼ÅÔµ àªè¹ÁÕ¡ÒÃÊ觤èÒ¨Ò¡ Server àÁ×èͤèҢͧ I/O ¢Í§ PLC ÁÕ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ à»ç¹µé¹ ¡ÒÃÊ×èÍÊÒáѺÍØ»¡Ã³ì¹Ñé¹ Server ¨Ð·Ó¡ÒõÃǨÊͺ¤èÒ¨Ò¡ÍØ»¡Ã³ìµÒÁªèǧàÇÅÒ·Õè¼Ùéãªé§Ò¹¡Ó˹´äÇé (Defined polling rate) â´ÂÍÒ¨¨ÐµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ä»µÒÁ¾ÒÃÒÁÔàµÍÃì»ÃÐàÀ·µèÒ§ æ â´ÂµÑÇ Controller ¨ÐÊ觤èÒ¾ÒÃÒÁÔàµÍÃìµÒÁ·Õè¶Ù¡Ãéͧ¢ÍãËé¡Ñº Data Server ¾ÃéÍÁ¤èÒàÇÅÒ¢³Ð¹Ñé¹ (Time Stamp) ¡ÒÃÊ×èÍÊÒáѺÍØ»¡Ã³ì¢Í§ Data Server ¹Ñé¹ÍÒ¨à»ç¹¡ÒÃÊ×èÍÊÒÃẺ Modbus, Profibus, CAN bus à»ç¹µé¹ ¢Öé¹ÍÂÙè¡ÑºÁҵðҹ¡ÒÃÊ×èÍÊÒâͧÍØ»¡Ã³ì¹Ñé¹ æ ÇèÒà»ç¹áººã´ 㹻Ѩ¨ØºÑ¹ÁÕ¡ÒÃÊÃéÒ§ OPC Server ·ÕèʹѺʹع¡ÒõԴµèÍ´éÇÂÁҵðҹµèÒ§æà¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹ÁÒ¡ÁÒ¨¹¤Ãͺ¤ÅØÁÍØ»¡Ã³ì·Ø¡»ÃÐàÀ· áÅÐÁÕ¡ÒþѲ¹ÒãËé·ÑèǶ֧ä»ÂѧÍØ»¡Ã³ìãËÁè æ ÍÂèÒ§µèÍà¹×èͧ
â¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§ÍÔ¹à·ÍÃìà¿Ê (Interface)
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Scalability ¤×ͤÇÒÁÊÒÁÒö㹡ÒÃÃͧÃѺáÅеèÍ¢ÂÒÂÃкº SCADA ¡ÑºÊèǹµèÒ§ æ àªè¹ I/O ¢Í§ÍØ»¡Ã³ì Controller áÅШӹ¹à¤Ã×èͧ SCADA Client ·Õèà¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹ ËÃ×Í¡Òõè;èǧ¡ÑºÃкº SCADA ¢Í§ÂÕèËéÍÍ×è¹ æ à»ç¹µé¹ ¶éÒËÒ¡ Data Server à»ç¹áºº Driver ·ÕèÊÃéÒ§´éÇÂà·¤â¹âÅÂÕ੾ÒÐ㹡ÒõԴµè͡ѺÍØ»¡Ã³ì ¡çà»ç¹àÃ×èͧÅӺҡ㹡ÒõèÍ¢ÂÒ à¾ÃÒÐ Driver ºÒ§»ÃÐàÀ·ÊÒÁÒöµÔ´µèÍä´é੾ÒÐ SCADA Software ºÒ§ÂÕèËéÍà·èÒ¹Ñé¹ »ÑËÒ¹Õéà»ç¹·ÕèÇÔ¾Ò¡ÇÔ¨Òóì¡Ñ¹ÍÂèÒ§¡ÇéÒ§¢ÇÒ§ «Ö觻Ѩ¨ØºÑ¹ä´éËѹÁÒãªéÁҵðҹ¡ÅÒ§¤×Í OPC à¾×èÍá¡é䢻ÑËÒ¹Õé
â¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§¡ÒÃÊÓÃͧÃкº (Redundancy)
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